The World Most Healthy Foods: March 2010

Monday, March 22, 2010

Fruits - Apple (Malus domestica) Health Benefits and Side Effects

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Apple is the pomaceous fruit of the apple tree, a species of the rose family Rosaceae. It is one of the most widely cultivated tree fruits. The tree is originated in Central Asia.

Nutritional supplements

1. Carbohydrates
2. Sugars
3. Fiber
4. Fat
5. Protein
5. Vitamin A equiv.
6. Thiamine (Vitamin B1)
7. Riboflavin (Vitamin B2)
8. Niacin (Vitamin B3)
9. Pantothenic acid (Vitamin B5)
10. Vitamin B6
11. Folate
12. Vitamin C
13. Calcium
14. Iron
15. Magnesium
16. Phosphorus
17. Potassium
18. Zinc

19. Etc

Health Benefits
A. Health benefits according to studies
1. Helicobacter pylori
In the investigation of polyphenols of apple peel and theirs effect on Helicobacter pylori found that In a short-term infection model (C57BL6/J mice), two levels of APPE doses (150 and 300 mg/kg/day) showed an inhibitory effect on H. pylori attachment. Orally administered apple peel polyphenols also showed an anti-inflammatory effect on H. pylori-associated gastritis, lowering malondialdehyde levels and gastritis scores, according to "In vitro and in vivo effects of apple peel polyphenols against Helicobacter pylori" by Pastene E, Speisky H, García A, Moreno J, Troncoso M, Figueroa G.(a)

2. Anti cancers
In the study of the inverse relationship between the consumption of apples and the risk of several cancers found that APE treatment resulted in a marked increase in maspin, a tumor suppressor protein that negatively regulates cell invasion, metastasis, and angiogenesis. Our data suggested that APE possesses strong antiproliferative effects against cancer cells, and apple peels should not be discarded from the diet. Detailed mechanistic studies, especially in appropriate in vivo animal models, are needed to further examine the antiproliferative and preventive effects of APE against cancer, according to "Antiproliferative effects of apple peel extract against cancer cells" by Reagan-Shaw S, Eggert D, Mukhtar H, Ahmad N.(b)

3. Anti-inflammatory effect
In the assessment of apple peel polyphenol extract (APPE) and its powerful antioxidant activity in protective effect against gastrointestinal damage found that APPE also displayed anti-inflammatory effects by preventing neutrophil infiltration in the mucosa, as evidenced by the lower myeloperoxidase activity. These protective effects of APPE resulted in the prevention of macro- and microscopic damage and of barrier dysfunction along the gastrointestinal tract of the indomethacin-treated animals. This study supports the concept that apple peel polyphenols may be useful in the prevention and/or treatment of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug-associated side effects, according to "Apple peel polyphenols protect against gastrointestinal mucosa alterations induced by indomethacin in rats" by Carrasco-Pozo C, Speisky H, Brunser O, Pastene E, Gotteland M.(c)

4. Cholesterols
In the evaluation of consumption of a pear, an apple and 200 ml orange juice, during 26 days and theirs effect cholesterol found that fruit consumption increased TAC in non-smokers, but not in smokers. In non-smokers, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol increased significantly; while in smokers, total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol decreased. We may conclude fruit/juice supplementation showed different effects, depending on the smoking habit: in non-smokers it increased TAC and cholesterol; in smokers it reduced cholesterol, without inducing a TAC increase, according to "Daily consumption of apple, pear and orange juice differently affects plasma lipids and antioxidant capacity of smoking and non-smoking adults" by Alvarez-Parrilla E, De La Rosa LA, Legarreta P, Saenz L, Rodrigo-García J, González-Aguilar GA.(d)

5. Antioxidants
In the observation of intake of apple and grape juice and theirs antioxidant effect found that apple and grape juice consumption did not influence lymphocyte damage upon hydrogen peroxide treatment. Urinary 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine content was not affected by 2 weeks of fruit juice intervention. These findings indicated that concomitant intake of apple and grape juice was efficient in enhancing the body's antioxidant status, according to "Impact of apple and grape juice consumption on the antioxidant status in healthy subjects" by Yuan L, Meng L, Ma W, Xiao Z, Zhu X, Feng JF, Yu H, Xiao R.(e)

6. Etc.

B. Health benefits according to concentration
1. Dietary fiber
Daily intake of right amount of fibers can prevent and treat
a. Diabetes, as Increased consumption of vegetables, whole grains, and soluble and insoluble fiber is associated with improved glucose metabolism in both diabetic and nondiabetic individuals. Improvements in insulin sensitivity and glucose homeostasis were more evident in participants following a plant-based diet compared with other commonly used diets, according to the study of "Efficacy of high-fiber diets in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus" by Wolfram T, Ismail-Beigi F.(I)

b. Cholesterol and cardivascular diseases, as the soluble fiber content of legumes and vegetables has also been shown to decrease LDL-C. Current investigations continue to explore this area in depth and examine potential synergies between dietary fiber and other phytochemicals that may lower cholesterol, according to the study of "Effects of soluble dietary fiber on low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and coronary heart disease risk" by Bazzano LA.(II)

2. Vitamin C
Besides is essential in preventing the breaking off small vein cause of hardening of the vessel wall, vitamin C also improves the digestive system in maximum absorption of vital nutrients. Overdoses can cause diarrhea, It also plays an important role in enhancing immune system fighting against the forming of free radicals that cause muscle damage, according to the study of "Does antioxidant vitamin supplementation protect against muscle damage?" by McGinley C, Shafat A, Donnelly AE., posted in PubMed (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19902983)

3. Magnesium
Magnesium not only important for bone health, according to the study of "Magnesium, zinc, copper, manganese, and selenium levels in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. Can magnesium play a key role in osteoporosis?" by Odabasi E, Turan M, Aydin A, Akay C, Kutlu M(III) but also play and important role in protecting against Alzheimer's disease, according to the study of "Altered ionized magnesium levels in mild-to-moderate Alzheimer's disease" by Barbagallo M, Belvedere M, Di Bella G, Dominguez LJ.(IV)

4. Phosphorus
Beside providing strength to bones and teeth by working together with calcium according to the study of `[The effect of one year therapy with recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) on growth velocity, calcium-phosphorus metabolism, bone mineral density and changes in body composition in children with growth hormone deficiency (GHD)].[Article in Polish]`by Zak T, Basiak A, Zubkiewicz-Kucharska A, Noczyńska A., posted in PubMed (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20529605), it also works with riboflavin and niacin to improve the digestive system in absorbing vital nutrients.

5. Potassium
Potassium beside is important for sympathetic function in regulating body fluid, it also plays an essential role in enhancing the nervous system in information transmitting within the nerves in the brain. According to the article of "POTASSIUM DEFICIENCY IN THE RABBIT AS A CAUSE OF MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY " by E. L. HOVE AND JOHN F. HERNDON Department of Animal Husbandry and Nutrition, Alabama Polytechnic Institute, Auburn, researchers wrote in summary that Potassium-deficient rabbits usually developed a severe and rapidly progressing muscular dystrophy, with a closely associated creatinurea.

6. Etc.

C. Other health benefits

1. Colon cancer and Cancers
Research suggests that apples may reduce the risk of colon cancer, according to "Modified apple polysaccharides could induce apoptosis in colorectal cancer cells" by Li Y, Niu Y, Wu H, Sun Y, Li Q, Kong X, Liu L, Mei Q.(1) and several types of cancer, according to "Antiproliferative effects of apple peel extract against cancer cells" by Reagan-Shaw S, Eggert D, Mukhtar H, Ahmad N.(2)

2. Immune system
Since it contains a measurable amount of antioxidant, it improves the immune system functioning in preventing and scavenging the forming of free radical, leading to reduction of DNA damage in Caco-2 cells according to "Polyphenolic apple extracts: effects of raw material and production method on antioxidant effectiveness and reduction of DNA damage in Caco-2 cells" by Bellion P, Digles J, Will F, Dietrich H, Baum M, Eisenbrand G, Janzowski C.(3)

3. Nervous system
Apple increases the production of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine that prevents potential decline in cognitive performance that accompanies dietary and genetic deficiencies and aging, according to "Apple juice concentrate prevents oxidative damage and impaired maze performance in aged mice" by Tchantchou F, Chan A, Kifle L, Ortiz D, Shea TB.(4)

4. Other health benefits
Since apple contains high amounts of quercetin, epicatechin, and procyanidin B2 which help to reduce the risk of heart disease, cancerabe polyphenol, resveratrol, is believed to have potent anti-aging effects.

5. Etc.

Side effects

1. Oral allergy syndrome is an allergic reaction some people, leading to symptoms of itching and swelling around the mouth and lips, etc.

2. Amygdailin

The seeds are mildly poisonous, since it contains a small amount of amygdalin.
3. Etc.

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Friday, March 19, 2010

Vegetables - Asparagus (Asparagus officinalis) Health Benefits and Side Effects

[Medical Advisor journals] [The world healthy foods List] [The world healthy food recipes]

Asparagus
Asparagus is a flowering plant belong to species the genus Asparagus, native to the western coasts of northern Spain, north to Ireland, Great Britain, and northwest Germany, northern Africa and western Asia. Asparagus has been used from early times as a vegetable and medicine, because of its delicate flavour and diuretic properties.

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Nutritional Supplements
1. Vitamin K
2. Folate
3. Vitamin C
4. Vitamin A
5. Vitamin B Complex
a) Vitamin B1
b) Vitamin B2
c) Vitamin B3
d) Vitamin B6
6. Fiber
7. Manganese
8. Copper
9. Phosphorus
10. Potassium
11. Protein
12. Etc.

Health benefits
A. Health benefits according to studies
1. Anti cancers
In the investigation of A series of Sarsapogenin and Diosgenin derived steroidal constituents (1-12), isolated from Solanum xanthocarpum and Asparagus racemosus, found that Compound 10, from A. racemosus was found to be a potent inducer of apoptosis, according to "Apoptosis inducing activity of steroidal constituents from Solanum xanthocarpum and Asparagus racemosus" by Bhutani KK, Paul AT, Fayad W, Linder S.(a)

2. Immunomodulatory activity
In the research of Roots of Asparagus racemosus Willd (Shatavari in vernacular) and its effect on immunostimulation found that asparagus racemosus root aqueous extract (ARE) also showed higher antibody titres and DTH responses. ARE, in combination with LPS, Con A or SRBC, produced a significant proliferation suggesting effect on activated lymphocytes and suggested that mixed Th1/Th2 activity of ARE supports its immunoadjuvant potential, according to "Immunomodulatory activity of Asparagus racemosus on systemic Th1/Th2 immunity: implications for immunoadjuvant potential" by Gautam M, Saha S, Bani S, Kaul A, Mishra S, Patil D, Satti NK, Suri KA, Gairola S, Suresh K, Jadhav S, Qazi GN, Patwardhan B.(b)

3. Hepatocellular carcinoma
In the investigation of asparanin A, a steroidal saponin extracted from Asparagus officinalis L., and its cytotoxic activity found that asparanin A induces cell cycle arrest and triggers apoptosis via a p53-independent manner in HepG2 cells. These data indicate that asparanin A shows promise as a preventive and/or therapeutic agent against human hepatoma, according to "Asparanin A induces G(2)/M cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in human hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells" by Liu W, Huang XF, Qi Q, Dai QS, Yang L, Nie FF, Lu N, Gong DD, Kong LY, Guo QL.(c)

4. Health benefits
In the observation of Fructooligosaccharides (FOS), an oligosaccharides in onion, chicory, garlic, asparagus, banana, artichoke, among many others found that consumption of above increases fecal bolus and the frequency of depositions, while a dose of 4-15 g/day given to healthy subjects will reduce constipation, considered one of the growing problems of modern society, and newborns during the first months of life, according to "Dietary fructooligosaccharides and potential benefits on health" by Sabater-Molina M, Larqué E, Torrella F, Zamora S.(d)

5. Etc.

B. Health benefits according to concentration
1. Vitamin K
Vitamin K found abundantly in Asparagus may associated in the prevention of osteoporosis and arterial calcification with few adverse effects, according to the study of "Vitamin K in the treatment and prevention of osteoporosis and arterial calcification" by Adams J, Pepping J.(I)

2. Vitamin A
Although vitamin A is best known to benefit the retina of the eye sight in the form of a specific metabolite for for both low-light and color vision, accoring to the study of "WHO's mission for vision' by [No authors listed], posted in PubMed (II) and guards us against bacterial, viral, parasitic infections, it is also an anti-oxidant, helping to protect our cells against cancer and other disease, according to the study of "Low serum-vitamin-A and subsequent risk of cancer. Preliminary results of a prospective study" by Wald N, Idle M, Boreham J, Bailey A., posted in PubMed (III), researchers indicated that measures taken to increase serum-retinol levels in man may lead to a reduction in cancer risk.

3. Folate
In the investigation of the prevalence and multifactorial etiology of anemia among Indian human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected children and its effect on anemia, found that Anemia, particularly iron deficiency anemia and anemia of inflammation, is highly prevalent among children with HIV infection. Micronutrient supplements (iron and, folate) combined with ART(antiretroviral therapy) improved anemia in HIV-infected children, according to "The prevalence and etiology of anemia among HIV-infected children in India" by Shet A, Arumugam K, Rajagopalan N, Dinakar C, Krishnamurthy S, Mehta S, Shet AS.(IV)

4. Iron
Iron is one of important mineral in forming complexes with molecular oxygen in hemoglobin, according to the study of "Glutathionyl Hemoglobin Is Elevated in Iron Deficiency Anemia" by Shet AS, Pinto SM, Mitra G, Mandal AK., posted in PubMed(4), thus helping to carry oxygen to the muscles for energy and enhancing the brain performance, including memory and concentration(V)

5. Vitamin B1
With the concentration of 25% in one cup of corn, corn may be beneficial in preventing and treating Diabetes and Heart Disease as vitamin B1 analog benfotiamine (BFT) improved cardiac perfusion and reduced cardiomyocyte apoptosis and interstitial fibrosis. In hearts of untreated diabetic mice, the expression and activity of Akt/Pim-1 signaling declined along with O-N-acetylglucosamine modification of Akt, inhibition of pentose phosphate pathway, activation of oxidative stress, and accumulation of glycation end products, according to the study of "Vitamin B1 analog benfotiamine prevents diabetes-induced diastolic dysfunction and heart failure through Akt/Pim-1-mediated survival pathway" by Katare RG, Caporali A, Oikawa A, Meloni M, Emanueli C, Madeddu P.(VI)

6. Vitamin C
Besides is essential in preventing the breaking off small vein cause of hardening of the vessel wall, vitamin C also improves the digestive system in maximum absorption of vital nutrients. Overdoses can cause diarrhea, It also plays an important role in enhancing immune system fighting against the forming of free radicals that cause muscle damage, according to the study of "Does antioxidant vitamin supplementation protect against muscle damage?" by McGinley C, Shafat A, Donnelly AE., posted in PubMed (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19902983)

7. Etc.

C. Other health benefits
1. Oxygen transportation
Since it contains measurable of amount of iron and copper, it enhances the production of red blood cells and formation of hemoglobin that is important for the absorption of oxygen and promote the circulatory functioning in oxygen transportation to the needs of body cells, according to the article of "Minerals" , posted in Vegan Peace(1)

2. Lymphatic function
Since it contains high amount of potassium, it increases lymphatic function in regulating body's fluids by balancing the ration of sodium in the body, thus reducing the risk of fluid retention cause of swelling, according to the article of "Potassium -A key factor in maintaining health", posted in Natural health Information Center(2)

3. Capillaries
Asparagus contains high amount of vitamin C, that not only helps to improve the digestive system in absorbing nutrient but also reduces the risk of breaking off of capillaries.

4. Immune function
Asparagus contains some kinds of antioxidant that help to improve the immune system in fighting against the forming of radicals, thus promoting synthesis DNA and regulates cell division, according to "The role of antioxidant supplement in immune system, neoplastic, and neurodegenerative disorders: a point of view for an assessment of the risk/benefit profile" by Brambilla D, Mancuso C, Scuderi MR, Bosco P, Cantarella G, Lempereur L, Di Benedetto G, Pezzino S, Bernardini R.(3)

5. Dietary Fiber
Fiber beside is essential for maintaining the secreting of waste easily, according to "A dietary fiber mixture versus lactulose in the treatment of childhood constipation: a double-blind randomized controlled trial" by Kokke FT, Scholtens PA, Alles MS, Decates TS, Fiselier TJ, Tolboom JJ, Kimpen JL, Benninga MA.(4), it also improves glucose metabolism in both diabetic and nondiabetic individuals, by releasing glucose slowly into bloodstream, according to "Efficacy of high-fiber diets in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus" by Wolfram T, Ismail-Beigi F.(5)
6. Etc.

Side effects
It may cause allergy and temporarily smelly urination.

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Fruits - Avocado Health Benefits and Side Effects

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Avocados are a commercially valuable fruit and are cultivated in tropical climates throughout the world, it is a green-skinned, pear-shaped fruit that ripens after harvesting and native to the Caribbean, Mexico, South America and Central America, belonging to the flowering plant family Lauraceae.

Nutritional Supplements
1. Vitamin K
2. Dietary fiber
3. Vitamin B6
4. Vitamin C
5. Folate
6. Copper
7. Potassium
8. Amino acid
9. Others
a) Vitamin A
b) Vitamin B1, B2, B3, B12
c) Vitamin D
d) Vitamin E
e) Carotenoid
f) Pantothenic acid
g) Calcium
h) Chromium
i) Etc.

Health Benefits
A. Health benefits according to studies
1. Anti cancers
In the investigation of phytochemicals extracted from the avocado fruit and its effect on in precancerous and cancer cell lines found that phytochemicals from the avocado fruit can be utilized for making active chemoprotective ingredient for lowering the side effect of chemotherapy like cyclophosphamide in cancer therapy, according to "Avocado fruit (Persea americana Mill) exhibits chemo-protective potentiality against cyclophosphamide induced genotoxicity in human lymphocyte culture" by Paul R, Kulkarni P, Ganesh N.(a)

2. Prostate cancer
In the assessment of phychemicals in the avocado and theirs protective effect against prostate cancer found that an acetone extract of avocado containing these carotenoids and tocopherols was shown to inhibit the growth of both androgen-dependent (LNCaP) and androgen-independent (PC-3) prostate cancer cell lines in vitro, according to "Inhibition of prostate cancer cell growth by an avocado extract: role of lipid-soluble bioactive substances" by Lu QY, Arteaga JR, Zhang Q, Huerta S, Go VL, Heber D.(b)

3. Plaque psoriasis
In the comparison of the effects of the vitamin D(3) analog calcipotriol and recently developed vitamin B(12) cream containing avocado oil found that the results of this clinical trial provide evidence that the recently developed vitamin B(12) cream containing avocado oil has considerable potential as a well-tolerated, long-term topical therapy of psoriasis, according to "Vitamin B(12) cream containing avocado oil in the therapy of plaque psoriasis" by
Stücker M, Memmel U, Hoffmann M, Hartung J, Altmeyer P.(c)

4. Cholesterols
In the determination of the atherogenicity of avocado oil relative to saturated (coconut oil), monounsaturated (olive oil) and polyunsaturated (corn oil) fats found that Coconut oil was the most atherogenic fat. Corn oil was only slightly less atherogenic than either olive or avocado oils. Percentage of serum HDL cholesterol was highest in the rabbits fed the two monounsaturated fats, according to "Cholesterol vehicle in experimental atherosclerosis 24: avocado oil" by Kritchevsky D, Tepper SA, Wright S, Czarnecki SK, Wilson TA, Nicolosi RJ.(d)

5. Dental plaque and gingivitis
In the research of Mouthwash solutions and their antiseptic properties found that avocado oil, manuka oil, propolis oil, grapefruit seed extract, pycnogenol, aloe vera, Q10 coenzyme, green tea, and megamin...., may allow an in situ slow release of active ingredients during several hours, and open new perspectives for mouthwash solutions, according to "[Mouthwash solutions with microencapsuled natural extracts: Efficiency for dental plaque and gingivitis].[Article in French]" by Vervelle A, Mouhyi J, Del Corso M, Hippolyte MP, Sammartino G, Dohan Ehrenfest DM.(e)

6. Etc.

B. health benefits according to concentration
1. Dietary fiber
Daily intake of right amount of fibers can prvent and treata. Diabetes, as Increased consumption of vegetables, whole grains, and soluble and insoluble fiber is associated with improved glucose metabolism in both diabetic and nondiabetic individuals. Improvements in insulin sensitivity and glucose homeostasis were more evident in participants following a plant-based diet compared with other commonly used diets, according to the study of "Efficacy of high-fiber diets in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus" by Wolfram T, Ismail-Beigi F.(I)

2. Vitamin K
Vitamin K not only plays an important role in protecting our skin from aging, it is also needed for the proper clotting of blood, thus decreasing the risk of excessive bleeding, in a study of "Delayed vitamin K deficiency as a cause of bleeding: still a concern in the 21st century!" by Kasatkar P, Shetty S, Ghosh K., posted in PubMed, researchers found that Laboratory tests confirmed acquired bleeding diathesis due to vitamin K deficiency, which was corrected after adequate vitamin K supplementation. VKDB is not an uncommon phenomenon and should be considered in the differential diagnosis of a child with bleeding diathesis.

3. Folate
In the investigation of the prevalence and multifactorial etiology of anemia among Indian human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected children and its effect on anemia, found that Anemia, particularly iron deficiency anemia and anemia of inflammation, is highly prevalent among children with HIV infection. Micronutrient supplements (iron and, folate) combined with ART(antiretroviral therapy) improved anemia in HIV-infected children, according to "The prevalence and etiology of anemia among HIV-infected children in India" by Shet A, Arumugam K, Rajagopalan N, Dinakar C, Krishnamurthy S, Mehta S, Shet AS.(II)

4. Vitamin C
In the evaluation of pulmonary dysfunction. and it effects on pulmonary dysfunction found that At present, evidence from randomised-controlled trials is insufficient to recommend a specific role for vitamin C in the treatment of asthma. Further methodologically strong and large-scale randomised controlled trials are needed in order to address the question of the effectiveness of vitamin C in children with asthma but some outcome data showed effectiveness on lung function, symptom scores, IgE levels and inhaled steroid use. One small study showed a significant difference in % drop in FEV1 post-exercise, according to the study of "Vitamin C supplementation for asthma" by Kaur B, Rowe BH, Arnold E.(III)

5. Vitamin B5 (Pantothenic acid)
Vitamin B5 not only plays an important role in speeding wound healing , according to ""Role of pantothenic and ascorbic acid in wound healing processes: in vitro study on fibroblasts" by Lacroix B, Didier E, Grenier JF.,(IV), but also enhances the healing of diabetic ulceration, according to "Safety and efficacy of a new honey ointment on diabetic foot ulcers: a prospective pilot study" by Abdelatif M, Yakoot M, Etmaan M.(V)

6. Potassium
Beside is a important minerals for lymphatic function in regulating the body fluids, it is also essential in preventing the forming of kidney stone, according to the study of "Empiric use of potassium citrate reduces kidney-stone incidence with the ketogenic diet" by McNally MA, Pyzik PL, Rubenstein JE, Hamdy RF, Kossoff EH., posted in PubMed(http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19596731), researchers wrote in conclusion that Oral potassium citrate is an effective preventive supplement against kidney stones in children who receive the KD, achieving its goal of urine alkalinization. Universal supplementation is warranted.

7. Etc.

A. Other health benefits
1. Beta-Sitosterol
a) Heart diseases
The chemical compound Beta-Sitosterol is found effectively in reducing the bad cholesterol and leaving the good cholesterol untouched by inhibiting the amount our body can absorb, thus reducing the risk of plague building up in the arterial walls, leading to heart diseases, according to the study of "The Effect of Beta Sitosterol on the Serum Lipids of Young Men with Arteriosclerotic Heart Disease" by JOHN W. FARQUHAR M.D.; RALPH E. SMITH M.D.; MARY E. DEMPSEY M.S., posted in Circulation(1)

b) It also reduce the risk of autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis, according to the study of "Effect of vitamin D and β-sitosterol on immune function of macrophages" by Alappat L, Valerio M, Awad AB., posted in Pubmed(2)

2. Water retention
The minerals of potassium in avocado improve the ration of potassium and sodium that is always necessary for the functioning of lymphatic in regulating the body fluid, thus reducing the risk of fluid cause of swelling.

3. Vision health
Since it contains a measurable amount of beta carotene beside is important antioxidant with benefits mentioned above, it also prevent night blindness and other eye problems by converting
into retinol that is referred to as pro vitamin A carotenoids, according to the study of "The intake of carotenoids in an older Australian population: The Blue Mountains Eye Study" by Manzi F, Flood V, Webb K, Mitchell P., posted in PubMed(3)

4. Skin care
Avocado oil also helps in treating chronic plaque psoriasis when it is used combination with vitamin B12 by lowering the life cycle of your skin cells that cause buildup of dead cells on the surface of the epidermis according to the study of "Vitamin B(12) cream containing avocado oil in the therapy of plaque psoriasis" by Stücker M, Memmel U, Hoffmann M, Hartung J, Altmeyer P., posted in PubMed(4)

5. Cancers
Avocado contains high amount of phytochemicals which have demonstrated selectively induce cell cycle arrest, inhibit growth, and induce apoptosis in precancerous and cancer cell lines, according to the study of "Chemopreventive characteristics of avocado fruit" by Ding H, Chin YW, Kinghorn AD, D'Ambrosio SM., Posted in PubMed(5)

6. Etc.

Side effects
1. Skin product of avocado oils may contain latex which can cause skin side effect in certain people with hypersensitivity to latex, leading to symptoms of reddening of the skin, itching, hives, or eczema.
2. Liver damage
Certain types of avocado may cause liver damage as a result of collagen accumulation in the liver
3. Breastfeeding
Some types of Avocado may be unsafe during breastfeeding as it can cause problems of upset stomachs in babies.
4. Drugs
Avocado may decrease the effect of "blood thinning" or anti-inflammatory medications.
5. It may cause symptoms of gastrointestinal irritation, vomiting, diarrhoea, respiratory distress, congestion, fluid accumulation due to toxic fatty acid derivative, Persin.
6. Etc.

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