Wednesday, March 2, 2011

Green tea - Leaves of Camellia sinensis health benefits and side effects

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Green tea
Green tea contains more amount of antioxidants than any drinks or food with the same volume, and is the leaves of Camellia sinensis, undergone minimal oxidation during processing, originated from China. Green tea has been a precious drink in traditional Chinese culture and used exceptional in socialization for more than 4000 thousand years. Because of their health benefits, they have been cultivated for commercial purposes all over the world.

Nutritional supplements
1. Vitamin A
2. Vitamin C
3. Selenium
4. Magnesium
5. Chromium
6. Zinc
7. Polyphenols
8. Tannins
9. Catechins
10. Theanine
11. Flavonoids,
12. Etc.

Health benefits
A, Health benefits according to studies (Quotes from the Tava tea researches, in ingredients of Sencha tea (the best of green tea)written by Chatel M. researches contribution by myself)
1. Antidepressant Properties
(http://tavatearesearches.blogspot.com/2011/11/organic-tava-tea-researches-ingredients_6101.html)
2. External Anogenital Warts
http://tavatearesearches.blogspot.com/2011/11/organic-tava-tea-researches-ingredients_5385.html
3. Obstructive Sleep Apnea-Related Brain Deficits
http://tavatearesearches.blogspot.com/2011/11/organic-tava-tea-researches-ingredients_4023.html
4. Bad Breath
http://tavatearesearches.blogspot.com/2011/11/organic-tava-tea-researches-ingredient_8701.html
5. Nervous Tension
http://tavatearesearches.blogspot.com/2011/11/organic-tava-tea-researches-ingredient_8983.html
6. Gastrointestinal diseases
http://tavatearesearches.blogspot.com/2011/11/organic-tava-tea-researches-ingredient_4605.html
7. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
http://tavatearesearches.blogspot.com/2011/11/organic-tava-tea-researches-ingredient_7225.html
8. Immune system
http://tavatearesearches.blogspot.com/2011/11/organic-tava-tea-researches-ingredients_8786.html
9. Antimicrobial activities
http://tavatearesearches.blogspot.com/2011/11/organic-tava-tea-researches-ingredients_14.html
10. Periodontal Health
http://tavatearesearches.blogspot.com/2011/11/organic-tava-tea-researches-ingredient_14.html
11. Congitive Activities
http://tavatearesearches.blogspot.com/2011/11/organic-tava-tea-researches-ingredient.html
12. Neurodegernative diseases
http://tavatearesearches.blogspot.com/2011/11/organic-tava-tea-researches-ingredients_159.html
13. Cholesterol
http://tavatearesearches.blogspot.com/2011/11/organic-tava-tea-researches-ingredients_8751.html
14. Osteoporosis
http://tavatearesearches.blogspot.com/2011/11/organic-tava-tea-researches-ingredients_7779.html
15. Arthritis
http://tavatearesearches.blogspot.com/2011/11/organic-tava-tea-researches-ingredients_6638.html
16. Stroke
http://tavatearesearches.blogspot.com/2011/11/organic-tava-tea-researches-ingredients_7408.html
17. Antioxidant Activity
http://tavatearesearches.blogspot.com/2011/11/organic-tava-tea-researches-ingredients_3373.html
18. Diabetes
http://tavatearesearches.blogspot.com/2011/11/organic-tava-tea-researches-ingredients_5800.html
19. Weight Loss
http://tavatearesearches.blogspot.com/2011/11/organic-tava-tea-researches-ingredients_13.html
20. Etc.


B. Health benefits according to concentration
1. Vitamin A
Vitamin A is not only important in preventing types I diabetes, according to "A close relationship between type 1 diabetes and vitamin A-deficiency and matrix metalloproteinase and hyaluronidase activities in skin tissues" by Takahashi N, Takasu S.(1) but also may be associated with compromised bone health, according to "Vitamins and bone health: beyond calcium and vitamin D" by Ahmadieh H, Arabi A.(2)

2. Vitamin C
a. Asthma
Vitamin C is one of the key antioxidant vitamins which is abundant in the extracellular fluid lining the lung and low vitamin C intake has been associated with pulmonary dysfunction, such as asthma, according to the study of "Vitamin C supplementation for asthma" by Kaur B, Rowe BH, Arnold E.(3)
b. DNA Damage
Ascorbic acid (AA), known as vitamin C, has important antioxidant vitamin has exerted the activity in preventing (imazalil)IMA-induced cause of DNA damage, according to the stuyd of "The protective role of ascorbic acid on imazalil-induced genetic damage assessed by the cytogenetic tests' by Türkez H, Aydin E.(4)

3. Selenium
Selenium is considered as one of a powerful antioxidant in protection of free radical causes of cancer, according to study of "Low doses of selenium specifically stimulate the repair of oxidative DNA damage in LNCaP prostate cancer cells" by de Rosa V, Erkekoğlu P, Forestier A, Favier A, Hincal F, Diamond AM, Douki T, Rachidi W.(5)

4. Magnesium
Magnesium not only important for bone health, according to the study of "Magnesium, zinc, copper, manganese, and selenium levels in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. Can magnesium play a key role in osteoporosis?" by Odabasi E, Turan M, Aydin A, Akay C, Kutlu M(6) but also play and important role in protecting against Alzheimer's disease, according to the study of "Altered ionized magnesium levels in mild-to-moderate Alzheimer's disease" by Barbagallo M, Belvedere M, Di Bella G, Dominguez LJ.(7)

5. Chromium
In the investigation of examine the anti-diabetic potential of the chromium(III) propionate complex (CrProp) in a diabetic rat model, Supplementary CrProp did not affect blood glucose level, but significantly improved insulin sensitivity (HOMA-IR index) and reduced serum levels of triacylglycerols, total and LDL cholesterols. Both supplementary dosages of CrProp (10 and 50mg Crkg(-1) diet) normalized the increased liver Fe content, reduced hepatic and renal Cu levels and elevated renal Cr contents in diabetic rats. In conclusion, CrProp has a significant anti-diabetic (insulin-sensitizing and hypolipidemic) potential; thus it might be a candidate for a therapeutic agent in diabetes, according to "Evaluation of anti-diabetic potential of chromium(III) propionate complex in high-fat diet fed and STZ injected rats" by Król E, Krejpcio Z.(8)

6. Etc.

C. Other health benefits
1. Immune system
Polyphenols, one of more powerful form of antioxidant not only helps to improve the immune system fighting against the forming of free radicals and guarding our body from foreign invasion, such as virus and bacteria, thus reducing the risk of inflammation and lessening the risk of oxidation of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cause coronary heart disease, according to the study of "Plant polyphenols as dietary antioxidants in human health and disease" by Kanti Bhooshan Pandey and Syed Ibrahim Rizvi, posted in PubMed Central (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2835915/)

2. Tannins
A group of simple and complex phenol, polyphenols, and flavonoid compounds, once are considered anti nutritional but it is now known of their beneficial depending to their chemical structure and dosage for its anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antiviral, and antiparasitic effects due oxidative stress, according tothe study of "Effects of green tea tannin on cisplatin-induced nephropathy in LLC-PK1 cells and rats" Yokozawa T, Nakagawa T, Lee KI, Cho EJ, Terasawa K, Takeuchi S., posted in PubMed (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10632092)

3. Catechins
Catechins are a category of polyphenols contained epicatechin (EC), epigallocatechin (EGC), epicatechin gallate (ECG) and epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and 25-100 times more potent than vitamins C and E that help to protect the body from oxidative damage by enhancing the immune function in fighting against forming of free radicals cause of cancer, according to the study of "Green tea catechins augment the antitumor activity of doxorubicin in an in vivo mouse model for chemoresistant liver cancer" by Liang G, Tang A, Lin X, Li L, Zhang S, Huang Z, Tang H, Li QQ., posted in PubMed (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20514403)

4. Flavonoids
Flavonoids are best known as an antioxidant that help to protect our body from forming free-radical scavenging capacity, coronary heart disease, irregular cell causes of cancer activity and immunodeficiency virus functions, according to the study of "Vegetable flavonoids and cardiovascular disease" by Terao J, Kawai Y, Murota K., posted in PubMed (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18296359)

5. Theanine
An amino acid that produces tranquilizing effects in the brain, theanine found in green tea, has a significant clinical results for naturally calming as it promotes alpha brain waves, putting you in a state of relaxation without causing drowsiness, according to the study of "L-theanine: properties, synthesis and isolation from tea" Vuong QV, Bowyer MC, Roach PD., posted in Pubmed (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21735448), researchers wrote that Theanine is a non-protein amino acid that occurs naturally in the tea plant (Camellia sinensis) and contributes to the favourable taste of tea. It is also associated with effects such as the enhancement of relaxation and the improvement of concentration and learning ability. . It also increases the dopamine levels in the brain, leading to a well-being feeling, according to the study of "The neuropharmacology of L-theanine(N-ethyl-L-glutamine): a possible neuroprotective and cognitive enhancing agent" by Nathan PJ, Lu K, Gray M, Oliver C., posted in PubMed

6. Etc.


Side effect
1. Tannins
a) tannins in in green tea may reduce the absorption of certain medication.
b) reduce the digestive function in absorbing iron and thiamine .
2. Caffeine
Caffeine found in green tea may cause some problems for certain people.
3. Stomach upset is the most common symptom.

4. Etc.




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